Structural controllability of networked relative coupling systems

This paper studies the controllability of networked relative coupling systems (NRCSs), in which subsystems are fixed high-order linear dynamics and coupled through variables depending on their neighbors, from a structural perspective. The purpose is to explore conditions for subsystem network topologies under almost all weights interaction links, corresponding numerical NRCSs controllable, called structurally controllable. Three types fashions considered: (1) each single-input–single-output (SISO), (2) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO), channels between two identical, (3) MIMO, but different can be weighted differently. We show that parameter-dependent modes generically controllable some necessary connectivity conditions. then derive and/or sufficient topologies’ decoupled form three fashions. also extend our results handle certain heterogeneities demonstrate direct applications practical systems, including mass–spring–damper system power network.